What does Article III of the US Constitution primarily establish?

Article III of the US Constitution primarily establishes the judicial power in the federal courts. This article outlines the structure and authority of the judicial branch, including the creation of the Supreme Court and the federal judiciary. Specifically, it grants the judicial power to the Supreme Court and other inferior courts that Congress may establish, ensuring a framework for the judiciary to operate within the federal government.

The significance of establishing judicial power lies in the system of checks and balances integral to the Constitution, which helps maintain the rule of law and protect citizens' rights. The provision allows the courts to interpret laws, resolve disputes, and ensure that justice is administered fairly and impartially. By defining the scope of federal judicial power, Article III plays a crucial role in the functioning and independence of the judiciary within the United States' governmental structure.